Orissa is bounded on the northerly by Jharkhand, on the north-east by West Bengal, on the east by the Bay of Bengal, on the south by Andhra Pradesh and on the west by Chhattisgarh.

A comparatively unindented coastline (c.200 mi/320 kilometer hanker) lacks proficient ports save for the deepwater facility at Paradip. A narrow, level coastal strip, including a Mahanadi River delta, is exceedingly fertile. Rain is heavily & regular, & deuce crops of rice (far and away a first food) come grown annually. A state is known for its temples, especially in the cities of Konark, Puri, and Bhubaneswar.

A heavy people, focus on the coastal alluvial plain, is Oriya-speaking. A interior, inhabited largely by forearm humans (Adivasis), is cragged & mountainous. Orissa is subject to acute cyclones; in October 1999, Tropical Cyclone 05B caused severe damage and a bit of 10,000 deaths.

Orissa holds a promise of becoming one of India's major manufacturing hubs in the nigh new. Recently POSCO of South Korea has agreed to construct a gigantic $12 billion steel factory, which would exist as the largest ever investment within India. Many more steel majors develop shown plenty interest inside setting higher super big shell projects in the state. Although Paradip is Orissa's simply big port, a coastal towns of Dhamra & Gopalpur come existence developed into major ports too.

Geography

A capital of Orissa is Bhubaneswar, famed for its glorious temples enumeration as much as a grand is referred to as the Cathedral City. A city of Puri is nearby on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. Puri occurs as renowned heavenly city & a places of a annual festival of Lord Jagannath & is one of the quaternary Dhams (holy) of Hinduism.

A Eastern Ghats range and a Chota Nagpur plateau occupy a american & northern portions of a state, when fertile alluvial plains occupy the coastal plain & the vale of the Mahanadi, Brahmani, and Baitarani rivers, which empty into the Bay of Bengal. These alluvial plains come residence to troglodytes troglodytes rice cultivation.

Chilka Lake, a brackish water supply coastal flow of any stream on the Bay of Bengal, south of the mouth of the Mahanadi River, is the largest coastal flow of any stream within India. These are protected per Chilka Flow of any stream Bird Sanctuary, which harbors ended 150 migratory and resident species of birds.

History and culture

Oriya is the state's official language. a state has a super sumptuous ethnic heritage, one of the richest inside India, and a capital city of Bhubaneswar is known as a temple city around India for its temples by using rich heritage. More popular ethnical interests include a swell known Lord Jagannath Temple around Puri, known for even its annual Rath Yatra or Car Festival, a unique & beautiful applique nontextual matter of Pipili, silver fillagree decorative works from either Cuttack, a Patta chitras (silk paintings) & various tribal influenced cultures.

Orissthe has the glorious & ancient history spanning a period of complete 3000 years. Around ancient days, it was a lofty kingdom of Kalinga. Kalingthe was a major oceangoing united states that controlled virtually all of the sea routes in the Bay of Bengal. For many centuries, the material a portion of Southeast Asia, like Kampuchea (Cambodia), Java, Sumatra, Bali & Thailand were colonies of Orissa. In point of fact a title of the united states "Siam" is from either Oriya/Sanskrit Shyamadesha. A temple of Angkor Wat occurs as ticket lesson of Orissan architecture, by having occasionally local variations. Bali however retains its Hindu Orissan heritage.

The major turning point around globe history took place within Orissa. A celebrated Kalinga war that led emperor Asoka to embrace non-passive resistance & a teachings of Buddha was fought on this button within 261 BC. Later, Asoka was instrumental around spreading Buddhist philosophy 100% above Asia.

In the 2nd century BC, Kalinga flourished as a mighty kingdom under Kharavela. These are he world health organization was built a superb cloistered caves at Udayagiri & Khandagiri. Afterwards, a kingdom was ruled under various monarchs, like Samudragupta & Sasanka. It as well was the a share of Harsha's empire. Inside 795 AD, a king Yayati united Kalinga, Kosala & Utkala into one empire. He likewise built a renowned Jagannath temple at Puri. King Narasimha Dev is reputed to use built a splendid sun temple inside Konark. Although today largely around ruins, a temple would well develop rivaled a Taj Mahal inside splendor.

the ruins of a major ancient university & center of Buddhist learning, Ratnagiri, was recently found within Orissa. Scholars from either far away lands, like Greece, Persia & China utilized to survey philosophy, uranology, maths & science at this noted University. Taxila, Nalanda & Ratnagiri come a oldest universities in the globe. A ruins of Ratnagiri University keep close at hand non been fully excavated however.

When you took the mediaeval period of Indian civilization, Orissa was ruled by a succession of Muslim kings. It was late annexed by emperor Akbar & became section of the Mughal empire. Fallowing a fall of a Mughals, a Marathas under Shivaji invaded the l& and continued to rule until 1803 AD once Orissa fell prey to the British. Modern Orissa was carved away from Bihar within 1936.

Contemporary Orissthe has a gallant ethnic heritage that arose due to the intermingling of ternion awesome religious traditions - Hinduism, Buddhism & Jainism. It has been farther enriched by Islam & Christianity. A culture of a Adivasis (the original dweller of India) is an integral section of modern Orissan heritage.

A dynasties that ruled Orissa beginning in the third century BC involved: Murundas Dynasty Matharas Dynasty Nala Dynasty a Vigrahas & the Mudgalas Sailodbhava Dynasty Bhaumakaras Dynasty Nandodbhavas Dynasty Somavamsis Dynasty The Eastern Gangas Suryavamsi Dynasty

When hanker trend lines to a Muslims, the region was overcome (1568) by Afghan encroacher & passed to the Mughal empire.

Fallowing a fall of a Mughals, Orissa was divided between a Nawabs of Bengal & the Marathas. Inside 1803 it was conquered per British. A coastal division, which was processed (1912) section of Bihar & Orissa Province, became around 1936 a separate province of Orissa. Around 1948 & 1949 a front yard of Orissa was well-nigh doubled & a people was increased by a third using the addition of Xxiv previous princely states. Around 1950, Orissthe became a constitutive state of India. the state is governed per main minister & cabinet responsible to an elective unicameral law-makers & by a governor appointed by the president of India.

Interesting facts about the state

The globe's oldest coins were found inside Sonepur, around american Orissa. These invaluable silver punch marked coins can be when old when Thousand BC. It is preserved in the Orissa State Museum.

Rasgolla, a sweetly delicacy enjoyed completely all over India, originated from either Puri, Orissa. It became popular within Kolkata in a nineteenth century & one of these days spread through the rest of the united states.

a ancient humans of Kalinga sided by owning a Kauravas when you took the peachy Mahabharata war (how else unlucky!).

The city of Sambalpur around american Orissa was one of the world's virtually all large centers of diamond production. Travelers from either lands when far away when Greece utilized to visit a city.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, was innate & grew higher withinside Cuttack city in Orissa.

Bhubaneswar, a capital city was a house of all over 600 brilliant temples around mediaeval days. These are known as a "cathedral city" of India.

Puri is one of a tetrad Dhams - Hindu centers of pilgrim's journey. Each year, hundreds to thousands throng a lot on top Puri to witness a renowned Rath Yatra.

The Sinhala (humans of Sri Lanka) come known as fallowing Raja Jai Sinha, an ancient Oriya king.

a Jagannath temple kitchen around Puri is reputed to exist as the big kitchen in the globe, by owning 400 cooks working around 200 hearths to feed on top 10,000 population daily.

Demographics
Orissthe has a population of 32 million. Just about 87% of the population live in the villages and one third of the rural population does not have any land otherwise homesteads. Resulting India's independence, Orissa has been severely neglected per central government within Just released Delhi. a food & drug administration, which generally has been formed per Congress Person has mass produced shockingly little investment around transport, infrastructure and education within Orissa, which is how come Orissa lags behind the more states. Just 20% of the touring network is paved. Around rural areas to a higher degree 65% of the population have no access to safe ingesting water supply. All the same the state is blessed sustaining abundant natural resources & a coastline, & is getting unprecedented investments inside steel, aluminium, power, refineries & ports. A state capital holds a promise of existence one of a centers for softwarec technology within India. It appears that the state is destined to get one of a industrial powerhouses of India inside a decade.

A aborgines or even tribes, referred to as Adivasis, be 24% of the people, belonging to 62 different ethnic communities. Their traditional support revolves in a area of the forest ecosystem. All over a years collection of outdoors green groceries, hunting and persuasion of other traditional ways of dwelling keep close at hand get more and more hard, influencing socio-cultural life. Issues using modernization & industrial activities, like mining, construction of dams, roads, railways keep close at hand grown to become a concern affecting their super traditional bread & butter and have displaced the Adivasi communities.

Religion, temples, and festivals

Buddhism Hinduism Shaivism Vaishnavism Shaktism Jainism Sun worship

Konark Temple - This is also known as a Sun Temple & is celebrated for its exquisite Orissan style of architecture. The sun temple was built in the 13th century A.D. A Sun Temple (Surya Deul) at Konark includes within its decoration numerous vignettes of military life. A hundreds to thousands of elephants marching as much as a base of the temple are non figments of the imagination. Like, it demonstrate pride in the superb war elephants for which Orissa was illustrious.

Jagannath Temple (12th Century The.D.) at Puri is Famed for Ratha Jatra (Car Festival). Annually hundreds to thousands of lover came to Puri when you took a Rathyatra. These are the festival when you took which Jagannath along using his brother Ballabhadra & sister Subhadra appear of the temple to meet their lover.

A capital city of Bhubaneshwar has a bit of magnificient temples, including a Lingaraja temple, & a Mukteswar temple.

Politics
Assembly Election Results of Orissa List of political parties in the state

Economy
In a south come the Eastern Ghats, which yield valuable timber. a canal formulas links a Mahanadi Flow of any stream by using the Hugli Flow of any stream around West Bengal. Supporting the major industrial zone northwards come deposits of iron, mn, coal, & isinglass.

A rate of incubation withwithin Orissa has been like unfortunate compared to by using a national norm it used to be that ascribable apathy per central government in Up to date Delhi. E.g.; in the 1990s Orissa's rate of growth was Quaternary.3% compared to to the national norm of Half a dozen.7%. A farming sector accounts for 32% of the GSDP & 62% of the amount employment, there is a stagnation around by the capita income it used to be that ii decades. In the area of 17.Five million humans survive in a image below the poverty level. Poverty is significantly worse in the western & southern districts of the state. All a same, the state is beginning to witness unprecedented investment, two domesticated & foreign. The walloping 50 billion dollars come required to exist as invested in the state for building steel & aluminium producing capacity, power projects, ports & more infrastructure in the close futute. Additionally, the state capital, Bhubaneswar, the swell aforethought city by using modern facilities, is attractive for it by having two or three package program development centers (TCS, Satyam, Infosys) & a software technology park.

Education

Orissa is residence to numerous colleges & universities, deemed & otherwise. Too watch the [http://www.orissa.gov.in/highereducation/ State Govt. of Orissa, Dept. of Higher Education]

Research Institutes

[http://www.iopb.res.in/ Institute of Physics], Bhubaneswar

Universities

[http://www.utkal-university.org/ Utkal University], Bhubaneswar. Utkal University of Culture, Bhubaneswar. Fakir Mohan University, Byasa Vihar, Balasore. [http://bamu.nic.in/ Berhampur University], Bhanja Vihar, Berhampur. [http://164.100.140.5/ouat/ Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT)], Bhubaneswar. Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur. [http://puri.nic.in/sanskrit.htm/ Sri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidhyalaya (University)], Puri. [http://www.bput.org/ Biju Patnaik University of Technology], Rourkela. [http://www.kiit.org/ Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology], Bhubaneswar. Northerly Orissa University, Mayurbhanj. Khallikote Autonomous College, Berhampur.

Management Colleges

[http://www.ximb.ac.in/ Xavier Institute of Management], Bhubaneshwar Athgarh GS College, Athgarh

General Colleges

Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar (BJB) College, Bhubaneswar. Ravenshaw College, Cuttack.

Engineering Colleges

[http://www.nitrkl.ac.in/ National Institute of Technology], Rourkela. [http://www.kiit.org/ Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology] (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar. [http://www.cetindia.org/ College of Engineering and Technology], Bhubaneswar. [http://www.ghitm.org/ Ghanshyam Hemalata Institute of Technology and Management],Puri. [http://www.oecbbsr.org/ Orissa Engineering College], Bhubaneswar. [http://www.uceburla.org/ University College of Engineering], Burla. National Institute of Science & Technology, Berhampur. [http://www.jitm.org/ Jagannath Institute of Technology and Management], Paralakhemundi. [http://www.angelfire.com/or/igit/ Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology (IGIT)], Sarang (affliated to Utkal University). - unofficial website [http://www.cvraman.org/ C.V.Raman Engineering College], Bhubaneswar (affliated to Utkal University). Seemanta Engineering College, Mayurbhanja (affliated to Northerly Orissa University) Regional Engineering College (REC), Rourkela

Medical Colleges

Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack. Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Dev Medical College, Berhampur. Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur. Institute of Health Sciences, Bhubaneswar.

Rehabilitative Education

Institute of Health Sciences, Bhubaneswar. Expert instruction Centre for Teachers of the Visually Disabled, Bhubaneswar Chetna Institute for the Mentally Disabled (Jewels International), Bhubaneswar National Institute of Rehabilitation How to videos & Research,Olatpur Step by step videos Centre for Teachers of the Deaf (The Joint Task of State Govt. & AYJNIHH, Bhubaneswar Open Learning Body, Bhubaneswar Shanta Memorial Rehabilitation Centre, Bhubaneswar

Ayurvedic Colleges
Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,Puri. Government Ayurveda College, Balangir. K.The.T.S. Ayurvedic College,Berhampur,Ganjam. Nrusingh Nath Ayurvedic College, Paikmal, Sambalpur. Indira Gandhi Ayurvedic College,Bhubaneswar Ayurvedic College,Baripada

Homoeopathic Colleges
Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College, Berhampur.

Famous Personalities from Orissa
Bhakti Vaibhava Puri Maharaj Biju Patnaik Fakir Mohan Senapati Godabarisa Mahapatra Gopabandhu Das Guru Kelu Charana Mahapatra Jayanta Mohapatra KumKum Mohanty Manoj Das Pratibha Ray Sanjukta Panigrahi Nandita Das

Transportation

Orissa is attached to India & to the globe across roads, drome, & harbor.

Airports

Biju Patnaik Airport

Seaports

Port of Paradip

Districts

Angul Balangir Baleshwar Bargarh Bauda Bhadrak Cuttack Deogarh Dhenkanal Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsinghpur Jajpur Jharsuguda Kalahandi Kendrapara Kendujhargarh Khordha Koraput Malkangiri Mayurbhanj Nabarangapur Nayagarh Nuaparha Kandhamal Puri Rayagada Sambalpur Sonapur Sundargarh